{"id":1172,"date":"2023-08-24T09:35:13","date_gmt":"2023-08-24T08:35:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/?p=1172"},"modified":"2023-08-27T07:03:39","modified_gmt":"2023-08-27T06:03:39","slug":"the-struggle-for-intellectual-hegemony","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/index.php\/language\/ar\/2023\/08\/24\/the-struggle-for-intellectual-hegemony\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1172\" class=\"elementor elementor-1172\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1abd2c85 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1abd2c85\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62c685b0\" data-id=\"62c685b0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c14b977 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c14b977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.14.0 - 18-06-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:right;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-14f811d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"14f811d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77277a4\" data-id=\"77277a4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fbdfc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3fbdfc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.14.0 - 18-06-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><i>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/i><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d15d375 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d15d375\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-91844c3\" data-id=\"91844c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-550748d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"550748d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u064e\u0634\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0628\u0652 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a\/ \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2023<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-392a138 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"392a138\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2483c09\" data-id=\"2483c09\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2308cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2308cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0651\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/toc\/tsur20\/current\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0652 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00396338.2021.1956187\">\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648<\/a> 2021 \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00396338.2021.1978746\">\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/a> 2021 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 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\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/eipss-eg.org\/\u062c\u0648\u0646-\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0631-\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f-\u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/eipss-eg.org\/\u062c\u0648\u0646-\u0622\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0631\u064a-\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061f\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <em>\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d\/\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b6bd659 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b6bd659\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b5b7a7\" data-id=\"7b5b7a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a75376a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a75376a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0628\u062d\u064c \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0636\u0650\u0639\u0647: \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064f \u0643\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0631\u062f\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064f\u0648\u062f\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u064a\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u064c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629: \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064c \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2ec55d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2ec55d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a986bd9\" data-id=\"a986bd9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-435eb21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"435eb21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00396338.2021.1956187\"><strong>\u0643\u0628\u062d\u064c \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0636\u0650\u0639\u0647: \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064f \u0643\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u064b \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0645\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f. \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/responsiblestatecraft.org\/about\/\">&#8220;\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0652\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644&#8221;<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2019 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0634. \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062e\u0651 \u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 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\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5752ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5752ad\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d903dcc\" data-id=\"d903dcc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e7a61af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e7a61af\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e4c981\" data-id=\"7e4c981\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-314293a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"314293a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.14.0 - 18-06-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/09fac6ad-eb2b-417f-bc54-5db786e8cfcb-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1223\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/09fac6ad-eb2b-417f-bc54-5db786e8cfcb-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/09fac6ad-eb2b-417f-bc54-5db786e8cfcb-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/09fac6ad-eb2b-417f-bc54-5db786e8cfcb.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5bf61de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5bf61de\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eda7d76\" data-id=\"eda7d76\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb4c431 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb4c431\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gji3.scholar.princeton.edu\/\"><strong>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u064a\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0650\u064a<\/strong><\/a><strong>: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0638\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647: &#8220;\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649&#8221; (2001)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0634\u0651\u0629: \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647&#8221; (2011)\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: &#8220;\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064c \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a&#8221; (2020).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd2cda3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fd2cda3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"239\" height=\"238\" src=\"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Picture3-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1306\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Picture3-2.jpg 239w, https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Picture3-2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 239px) 100vw, 239px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c5ae84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c5ae84\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc62a4a\" data-id=\"cc62a4a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71a565e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71a565e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/politicalscience.jhu.edu\/directory\/daniel-deudney\/\"><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/a><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0631). \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062a\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2010 \u06482011\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0643-\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646. \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629). \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629&#8221; (1983)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221; (\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c 1998). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; (2007) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0633-\u0634\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; (2020). \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0ac0d60 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0ac0d60\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a18f72b\" data-id=\"a18f72b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9eb4321 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9eb4321\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5907102\" data-id=\"5907102\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff19e7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ff19e7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Picture4-280x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1184\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Picture4-280x300.jpg 280w, https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Picture4.jpg 551w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25210d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25210d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.anatollieven.com\/bio\/\"><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/a><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644. \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0652 1985 \u06481998 \u0643\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632. \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0652 2000 \u06482007 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646. \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (2006) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u00a0\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2be0978 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2be0978\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e75150\" data-id=\"8e75150\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cd4bb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4cd4bb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"267\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Picture5.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1183\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Picture5.jpg 267w, https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Picture5-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a4b11c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a4b11c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f096d7\" data-id=\"1f096d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ec45b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ec45b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/responsiblestatecraft.org\/author\/sshidore\/\"><strong>\u0633\u064e\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0652\u062c \u0634\u0650\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/a><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 90 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d10250 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d10250\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-92bfef4\" data-id=\"92bfef4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae32d78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ae32d78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"267\" height=\"267\" src=\"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Picture6.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1182\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Picture6.jpg 267w, https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Picture6-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa68def elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa68def\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cbf79a\" data-id=\"1cbf79a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4965c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b4965c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><a href=\"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/index.php\/djallel-khechib\/?preview_id=172&amp;preview_nonce=e69168c08c&amp;preview=true\">\u062c<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cigacriticalvoices.com\/index.php\/ar\/djalel-ar\/\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u064e\u0634\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0628\u0652:<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (CIGA) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627. \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629&#8221; (2017)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627&#8221; (2015).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u064e\u0634\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0628\u0652 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a\/ \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2023 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0651\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0652 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2021 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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